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Atraumatic Restorative Treatment/ PRAT |
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Developmental Disorders Information on common developmental disorders in the LAC Region as well as links to organizations that are working to help those suffering from these disorders. |
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HIV/AIDS Information on oral health and existing dental programs, strategies and/or interventions for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). |
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Fluoridation Information about the practice of adding fluoride compounds to water, salt, etc. with the intended purpose of reducing tooth decay in the general population. |
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Nutrition and Oral Health Information about the integral role of oral health in maintaining adequate nutritional status and the role of nutrition in oral tissue development. |
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Noma Information on the disease, worldwide prevalence, and links. |
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Oral Cancer Information about detection, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of oral cancer. |
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Periodontal Disease Information on treatment options, emerging evidence between periodontal disease and systemic health and additional resources. |
PAHO/WHO Manuals for Oral Health Program Implementation
Workshop on caries prevention for communities in the Region of the Americas.
Developed by Bonnie Bruerd, DrPH and Mary Beth Kinney, EdD, MPH in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Indian Health Service, Division of Oral Health and the Pan American Health Organization and the Gorgas Institute. 2009
Through technical-cooperation funds from the Pan American Health Organization, DHHS is offering the Workshop on Caries Prevention/or Communities in the Region Americas / Taller de prevención de caries para comunidades en la Región de las Américas. The course will offer an adaptation of techniques and curricula developed by the DHHS Indian Health Service (IHS) on oral health promotion/disease prevention methodologies. A key aspect of the training will be the provision of dental sealants and varnishes. Another key aspect of the training will be discussion about community-based oral health programs and upon completion of the course, those trained will be able to apply skills learned at the RHCTC in their own communities
WHO, 2005. Arguments for the need for oral health policy, framework and contents of national oral health policy and recommendations for sustaining the policy process, includes worksheets.
System Analysis for Oral Health. Regional Oral Health Program. May 2004. (231.66 kB)
PAHO, 2004. Protocol for Professional Institutions to Conduct a System Analysis for Oral Health, Protocol for Governmental Institutions to Conduct a System Analysis for Oral Health.
PAHO, 2003. Manual for implementing and integrating an oral health program into general school health programs. Includes information on advocacy, arguments in support of and strategies for developing a school-based oral health program.
WHO, 2003. Strategy and approaches in oral disease prevention and health promotion focusing on priority areas such as: nutrition, tobacco, youth, the elderly and HIV.
Encuestas de Salud Bucodental - Métodos Básicos. (933.89 kB)
OMS, 1997. Una guía que explica como hacer una encuesta bucodental, incluyendo aspectos de plantificación, análisis y evaluación.
Oral Health Surveys - Basic Methods. (3.58 MB)
WHO, 1997. A guide that explains how to conduct an oral health survey, including aspects such as planning, examination and evaluation.
OPS, 1993. Lineamientos teórico-metodológicos y técnico-administrativos para desarrollar el componente de Salud Oral como elemento básico de la administración de la salud integral e interdisciplinaria.
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART or PRAT in Spanish) is a simple method to treat dental caries in situations where traditional cavity preparations are not feasible. The technique was developed over 10 years ago and has been proven to be an effective treatment option. It involves the removal of soft, demineralized tissue followed by the restoration of the tooth with fluoride-releasing glass ionomer.
ART/PRAT systems have been successfully employed all over the world as it does not require electricity, running water, or anesthesia. PAHO, with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of ART/PRAT compared to amalgam restorations in three LAC countries over three years. Longer-term studies are currently underway. Results of this study can be found under the Related Methods section.
This section reviews the history, research and development of the technique, practical purposes, and current studies and trends.
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Revista Panamericana de la Salud Publica, 2005. Este trabajo presenta información de relevancia científica sobre la historia, características y aportes de la técnica de restauración atraumática en la prevención y el control de la caries dental.
Scientific and Technical Publications
OPS. BID. 2009. ATN/JF-7025-RG. NÚMERO DE PROYECTO 091024. Informe final. Saskia Estupiñán-Day, Trevor Milner, Marisol Téllez
En el presente estudio, las técnicas básicas de evaluación económica, particularmente las técnicas de análisis costo-efectividad (ACE), se utilizaron para evaluar la práctica de la técnica PRAT. La investigación tuvo como objetivo introducir la técnica PRAT en los servicios de atención dental del gobierno en Panamá, Ecuador y Uruguay como una modalidad de tratamiento restaurador para el tratamiento de caries tanto en los dientes primarios como permanentes, ampliando así la cobertura de los servicios bucodentales a nuevas poblaciones de niños, incluidos los que actualmente carecen de acceso a tratamientos convencionales en base a Amalgamas.
WHO, Mahatma Gandhi Post graduate Institute Of Dental Sciences & Government of Puducherry Institution, 2007. Report of use of ART in rural Puducherry grammar schools and colleges. Evaluation of cost effectiveness, and retention of fillings.
Oral Health of Low Income Children: Procedures for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (PRAT) (2.6 MB)
PAHO, 2006. Basic techniques of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), PRAT in government dental care facilities in Panama, Ecuador and Uruguay, thus extending coverage of oral services to those without access to conventional Amalgam-based treatment.
Comparative economic evaluation of an Atraumatic Restoration Treatment Program (3.53 MB)
PAHO & InterAmerican Development Bank, 1999. Comparative economic evaluation of an Atraumatic Restoration Treatment Program: Study design and protocol for selected countries. Document about concept, technical design, protocol and preliminary inputs for the cost-effectiveness analysis of Atraumatic RestorativeTreatment.
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) for Tooth Decay: Global Initiative 1998-2000 (660.18 kB)
WHO, 1998. Historical document showing WHO plans for promoting ART around the world.
Training Materials
WHO, 2000. Educational material for facilitators of ART training based on experience gained in over 30 countries.
Practica de Restauracion Atraumatica (PRAT) para la Caries Dental – Como Organizar un Curso PRAT (2.68 MB)
OMS, Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad de Nijmegen, 2001. Materiales educativas para entrenar facilitadores en la técnica PRAT basado en experiencia recibido en más que 30 países.
Seminal book (avaiable for free online) that is a step-by-step guide for treating a patient with the ART technique.
Additional Resources:
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2008. Review of treatment options for dental caries in pediatric populations.
UMC St. Radboud Dental School, the Netherlands. ART Resource center especially useful for those considering ART implementation.
Saskia Estupiñán-Day. Asesora Regional de Salud Oral.Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Presentación en el II Congresso Mundial de Esperiencias de Odontologia na Saúde Pública. 11-13 de Julho de 2001. Londrina, Brazil
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Proyecto PRAT. Salud Escolar México. (6.17 MB)
Saskia Estupiñán-Day.Asesora Regional de Salud Oral. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Junio 2001
Videos
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Developmental Disorders
Developmental disorders involve teeth and the craniofacial structures. Oftentimes, these are associated with genetic disorders affecting other parts of the body. Other times, they are due to developmental problems during birth. Thus, it is suggested that both genes and environmental factors play a role in these defects. The most common defect is the cleft lip and palate.
This section will provide information on many of the common developmental disorders in the LAC region, scientific literature and links to associations and foundations that are working to help those inflicted.
Introduction and Fact Sheets
International Collaborative Research on Craniofacial Anomalies
WHO. Introduction to Craniofacial Anomalies
NIH. Brief introduction to Cleft Lip and Palate (also called Harelip).
El labio leporino (fisura labial) y el paladar hendido (fisura palatina)
The Nemours Foundation. Introducción incluyendo información sobre causas, complicaciones y tratamento.
Treacher Collins Syndrome, Crouzon Syndrome, Apert Syndrome, Stickler syndrome
NIH Genetics Home Reference. Introductory information these developmental disorders.
WHO, 2002. Discussion on potential of the global model for tackling the big questions in craniofacial anomalies, be they concerned with cause, treatment, or prevention.
Scientific and Technical Publications
Advice Given to Women in Argentina about Breast-feeding and the Use of Alcohol (90.72 kB)
Panamerican Journal of Public Health, 2004. Study demonstrating the need for professional development strategies that will address women’s awareness of the risks of alcohol consumption and alcohol usage.
Global Strategies to Reduce the Healthcare Burden of Craniofacial Anomalies (1.99 MB)
WHO, 2002. Report of WHO meetings on International Collaborative Research on Craniofacial Anomalies Geneva, Switzerland, 5-8 November 2000 & Park City, Utah, USA, 24-26 May 2001. Findings from WHO five-year project designed to take forward an international research strategy on treatment, gene/environment interaction, genetics, and prevention of craniofacial anomalies.
University of Iowa Craniofacial Center Collaboratoy
The purpose of this site is to aid in disseminating information about research currently being conducted at The University of Iowa in the area of craniofacial anomalies.
Training Materials
Guidelines for Identifying and Referring Persons with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2005. Recommendations, referral considerations, services for people with FAS, alcohol during pregnancy.
Additional Resources:
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Foundations and Centers:
International Centre for Birth Defects (ICBD) is the coordinating centre of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems (ICBDMS). The ICBD collects and analyses data from ICBDMS registries to systematically monitor congenital malformations.
Austin Smiles is a nonprofit 501(c)3 organization which provides reconstructive plastic surgery, primarily cleft lip and palate repairs, to the children of Austin and the 10 county area surrounding Austin and in various locations in Latin America.
The mission of CPF is to provide the essential information and research that enhances the quality of life for individuals affected by cleft lip and palate and other facial birth defects.
La Fundación del Paladar Hendido (CPF) es una organización sin fines de lucro dedicada a ayudar las personas con defectos de la cabeza y el cuello, y sus familias.
For 38 years, FACES: The National Craniofacial Association has been dedicated to assisting children and adults who have craniofacial disorders resulting from disease, accident, or birth.
Empowers and gives hope to individual and families with facial differences.
The website for the Collaboration for Craniofacial Development and Disorders (CCDD) was created for families, physicians, and scientists. The mission is to care for patients, educate, and perform research on craniofacial disorders. Information is provided about services available at Johns Hopkins University and providers around the world.
Madisons Foundation is dedicated to improving the quality and quantity of information available to parents of children with rare, life-threatening diseases, and to facilitating effective communication among parents, physicians and medical experts.
Oral Health, Clinical Trials, Research, Grants & Funding, Careers & Training
Basic information on Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate for kids.
Operation Smile mobilizes a world of generous hearts to heal children’s smiles and transform lives across the globe. Our network of volunteers works worldwide to repair childhood facial deformities including cleft lips and cleft palates.
Operation Rainbow is dedicated to performing free orthopedic surgery for indigent children and young adults worldwide.
Nossa missão, além da correção estética, funcional e emocional é de prover uma oportunidade e um ambiente especial de trabalho, onde as pessoas com deformidades faciais e dificuldades especiais adquiram experiência de trabalho, confiança e auto-estima para poderem enfrentar dignamente o competitivo mercado de trabalho.
The Center specializes in the evaluation and treatment of patients of all ages with craniofacial deformities. Its services cover a broad range of reconstructive operations for the treatment of deformities of the face and skull resulting from birth defects, tumors, and trauma.
Central database of links to more information.
Fluoridation
Information about the practice of adding fluoride compounds to water, salt, etc. with the intended purpose of reducing tooth decay in the general population.
The introduction of systemic and topical fluorides have drastically reduced the rate of dental decay worldwide.
Water fluoridation is considered one of the most successful public health interventions of the 20th century and salt fluoridation has proven to be a cost-effective method for reducing caries in the Latin America and Caribbean Regions.
This section offers information on fluoridation facts, national programs, varying modalities of fluoride use, and the media.
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Statements from Six Leading Health Authorities Regarding Community Water Fluoridation (31.4 kB)
Statements from ADA, CDC, AMA, U.S. Surgeon General, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and WHO.
Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2001. Guide for dental and other health-care providers, public health officials, policy makers, and the public in the use of fluoride to achieve maximum protection against dental caries while using resources efficiently and reducing the likelihood of enamel fluorosis.
Scientific and Technical Publications
SALT FLUORIDATIONPromoting Oral Health: The Use of Salt Fluoridation to Prevent Dental Caries (1.21 MB)
PAHO, 2006. Introduction to book including salt fluoridation fact sheet, preface, press release and information about ordering a copy.
PAHO, 2005. Historia y ejemplo de éxito de experimentos, progreso en la Región, recomendaciones para educar comunidades sobre la fluoruración de la sal, métodos de producción y marketing de la sal y planificación estratégica para implementación de la fluoruración de la sal.
Promoting Oral Health: The Use of Salt Fluoridation to Prevent Dental Caries (7.35 MB)
PAHO, 2005. History and success stories of early experiments, progress in the Region, recommendations for educating communities about salt fluoridation programs, salt production methods and processing, marketing and strategic planning for salt fluoridation implementation.
Multi-Year Plan for Salt Fluoridation Programs in the Region of the Americas (Belize, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Venezuela) (4.89 MB)
PAHO, 2000. Final Report to the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Project #43225. Program description, methodology for baseline studies, training in fluoridation techniques and quality assurance, surveillance systems and monitoring of salt fluoridation programs, general policy recommendations and legal framework.
Salt Fluoridation in Europe, Comparisons with Latin America
University of Zurich. Discussion of public health in terms of salt fluoridation, including regional comparison, cost-benefit analysis, production and comparison to iodization.
WATER FLUORIDATION
Populations Receiving Optimally Fluoridated Public Drinking Water – United States, 1992-2006
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2008. Updated report on increasing fluoridation in the United States and progress toward Healthy People 2010 objective in the US.
Fluoride in Drinking-water (1.03 MB)
WHO, 2006. Report on sources of fluoride, health effects, guidelines and standards, analytic methods, country data and indices of severity of dental fluorosis.
Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards
The National Academies, March 2006. A review of studies conducted in the last 10 years that warns against over-fluoridation.
Nature’s Way to Prevent Tooth Decay: Water Fluoridation
ADA, CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. Argues that water fluoridation benefits everyone in the community equally, is safe and cost-effective.
Defluoridation Systems for Latin America and the Caribbean (Mexico) (5.8 MB)
PAHO & Secretaía de Salud de México 2004. Task-Force Meeting Final Meeting. PAHO’s Multi-Year Plan for Fluoridation Programs in the Region, survey of water supply, salt fluoridation and fluorosis. International Standard Regulatory Criteria for Fluoride in drinking water and technical approach for management of acceptable fluoride exposure in ground water.
Achievements in Public Health, 1900–1999: Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries.
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1999. The ten public health achievements highlighted in this MMWR series reflect the successful response of public health to the major causes of morbidity and mortality of the 20th century.
Engineering and Administrative Recommendations for Water Fluorosis
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1995. Updated guidelines and/or recommendations for managers of fluoridated public water systems in the US.MILK FLUORIDATION
Development of a Milk Fluoridation Scheme for Prevention of Dental Caries (484.5 kB)
WHO, 2001. Feasibility study for implementation of milk fluoridation in communities for which neither water nor salt fluoridation can be implemented.
TOOTHPASTE FLUORIDATION
OPS, 1998. Objetivos, materiales, métodos, resultados, discusión y recomendaciones con anexos: estudio de pastas y suplementos fluorurados y formulario de encuesta.
Training Materials
Recomendaciones Administrativas y Técnicas para la Fluoruración del Agua (3.32 MB)
OPS & US Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1997. Recomendaciones para comunidad y escuelas fluoruradas: administración, supervisión, requisitos técnicos y procedimientos de seguridad.
Fluoruración del Agua: Un Manual para Ingenieros y Técnicos (8.74 MB)
OPS, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, & CDC, 1997. El propósito de este manual es ayudar al personal de servicio de agua en el correcto funcionamiento de los sistemas de fluoruración para diseñar o planificar una instalación de fluoruración de agua de manera que los clientes puedan disfrutar de todos los beneficios de fluoruración.
Monitoring of Renal Fluoride Excretion in Community Preventative Programs on Oral Health (3.19 MB)
WHO, 1999. Study design, guidelines for tabulating and processing urine fluoride data and conclusions.
Additional Resources:
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS has infected millions of people worldwide. It is the most devastating illness of our time with respect to loss of human life and its associated social and economic costs.
The oral cavity plays a key role in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It is often the first clinical sign of the disease and usually the most common complaint of those suffering from the illness. Approximately 40 varying oral manifestations of the disease have been reported since the start of the AIDS epidemic.
This section provides information on oral health care, existing dental programs, strategies and interventions for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA):
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Oral health and communicable diseases: HIV/AIDS
WHO Introduction.
Oral Lesions in Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (649,4 kB)
WHO, 2005. Discussion on the importance of oral lesions as indicators of HIV and as predictors of progression of HIV disease to AIDS.
WHO, 2006. Overview of global AIDS epidemic including discussion of health systems and policy. Includes information on the relationship between AIDS and oral health with recommendations for prevention and capacity building.
Scientific and Technical Publications
Oral Healthcare for People with HIV Infection
AIDS Institute & New York State Department of Public Health, 2001. Diagnosis and management of soft-tissue lesions, clinical manifestations and management of HIV-related periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial surgery, ethical and legal considerations, oral health management in children and adolescents with HIV.
El VIH/SIDA y Otras Infecciones en la Práctica de la Odontoestomatología (7.54 MB)
OPS & ONUSIDA, 2002. Aspectos generales y diagnóstico del VIH, manifestaciones orales y su tratamiento.
Training Materials
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV PatientsNIH, 2008. Diagnosis, lab monitoring, treatment recommendations, monitoring antiretroviral therapy and drug resisting testing.
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents
Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC), 2008. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents.
Guidance on Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities (2.65 MB)
WHO & UNAIDS, 2007. Recommendations for provider-initiated testing and counseling in different types of HIV epidemics including information on social, policy and legal framework, informed consent and special consideration for various subgroups.
A Guide for Epidemiological Studies of Oral Health Manifestations of HIV (1.16 MB)
WHO, 1993. A guide intended for oral health practitioners who are not specialists in epidemoiology and for epidemiologists who are interested in HIV-associated oral lesions.
Additional Resources:
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Noma
Noma, or cancrum oris, is a fast-acting gangrene infection that destroys the mucus membranes of the oral and facial tissues. The exact etiology of it is unknown, but it most often occurs in malnourished children living in areas with poor sanitation.
Noma has not been widely reported in the LAC region, but approximately 140,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. Mortality rate is about 8.5%. It is most prevalent in sub-saharan Africa.
This section has information on the disease, worldwide prevalence, and links for more information:
Introduction and Fact Sheets
WHO. Map showing global incidence of NOMA by percent of population effected.
Scientific and Technical Publications
Noma in Loas: Stigma of Severe Poverty in Rural AsiaThe American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008. Description of clinical and social features of Noma in Laos emphasizing the significance of poverty reduction, nutritional improvement, increasing awareness and advantages of early therapy.
Epidemiology of the Incidence of Oro-Facial Noma: A Study of Cases in Dakar, Senegal, 1981-1993
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1999. Thirteen-year retrospective study based on clinical records of oral gangrene occurring in early childhood in extremely poor areas in an attempt to understand the epidemiology of noma.
Additional Resources:
International Noma Federation.
The Swiss foundation "Winds of Hope" is making its first donation to WHO to help African children facing the threat of the deadly Noma disease.
University of Maryland Medical Center
Overview, Symptons, Treatment, Prevention.
A UK NGO devoted to Noma.
The Secure Our Children Foundation is an action-focused organization with the broad mission of containing hunger and malnutrition, the two prime enablers of infections and diseases among poverty-stricken children in Africa.
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Nutrition and Oral Health
Information about the integral role of oral health in maintaining adequate nutritional status and the role of nutrition in oral tissue development
The mouth is the entry point for food and start of the gastrointestinal tract. Healthy teeth and gums are important to chew and swallow foods that maintain proper nutrition. Poor oral health can limit the foods we eat and result in malnutrition. Similarly, the foods we choose also play a critical role in our oral health; they are building blocks for our body. Thus, nutrition and oral health play an integral part in our overall health.
This section discusses current research in oral health and diet, policies and programs:
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Risks to Oral Health: Diet and Nutrition
WHO Introduction.
Introduction providing overview, FAQs and links.
ADA Early Childhood Tooth Decay (Baby Bottle Tooth Decay)
Information about casuses, prevention and the improtance of 'baby' teeth.
Scientific and Technical Publications
The Role of Diet and Nutrition in the Etiology and Prevention of Oral Diseases (1.45 MB)
WHO Bulletin, 2005. Overview of the evidence for an association between diet, nutrition and oral diseases.
Training Materials
Bright Futures in Practice: Oral Health—Pocket GuideNational Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center, Georgetown 2005.
Additional Resources:
Caries Literature (English & Spanish)
Developing International Networks for Oral Health
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Oral Cancer
Oral cancer refers to mouth, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancers.
It affects approximately 500,000 people annually and five-year survival rates are less than 50% due to the late stage diagnosis of the disease.
This section offers information on detection, prevention, cessation programs, treatment options, current research, and policy issues:
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Global Facts on Tobacco or Oral Health (436.28 kB)
WHO, 2005. Fact sheet with visual information.
Comparison of the most common cancers in more and less developed countries in 2000 (57.53 kB)
WHO, 2003. Powerpoint slide.
Title Missing (425.51 kB)
Scientific and Technical Publications
Preventing and Controlling Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Recommendations from a National Strategic Planning ConferenceCurbing the Epidemic Governments and the Economics of Tobacco ControlCDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1998. CDC recommended strategies to develop programs to reduce the burden of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States.
Maîtriser l’épidémie: L’État et les aspects économiques de la lutte contre le tabagismeWorld Bank, 1999. Global trends, health consequences, measures to reduce demand and agenda for action.
Banque Mondiale, 1999.
Training Materials
Introduction to Process Evaluations in Tobacco Use, Prevention and ControlCDC, 2008. Provides a framework for understanding links between inputs, activities, and can assist state and federal program managers and evaluation staff with the design and implementation of process evaluations that will provide valid, reliable evidence of progress achieved through their tobacco control efforts.
Additional Resources:
NIH, 2006. Factsheet for patients.
National Heart Association, 2002. Two-page patient education brochure on smoking cessation.
National Heart Association, 2002. Breve información para pacientes.
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Sources - Database:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease can have serious repercussions. As new evidence emerges, bacteria associated with gingival inflammation has also been linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
This section provides information on new treatment options, emerging evidence and additional resources.
Introduction and Fact Sheets
Periodontal Disease: Causes Symptoms and Treatment
NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006. Information booklet for patients.
Enfermedad de las encías o enfermedad periodontal: Causas, Síntomas y Tratamientos
NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006. Información para pacientes.
Brief Description of the Types of Periodontal Disease from AAP
American Academy of Periodontology
Scientific and Technical Publications
Periodontal Disease: An Overview for Physicians
Additional Resources:
Expecting Mothers Should “Brush Up” on Their Oral Hygiene Routine
AAP, 2007. Two new studies emphasize the potential link between periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Sources:
General Health Sicience: LILACS, MEDLINE /International Agencies: PAHO- Pan American Health Organization, WHOLIS - World Health Organization / Cochrane Library: Cochrane systematic reiews, Protocols of Cochrane systematic reviews, CENTRAL, Abstracts by INAHTA, economic studies and critically appraised, abstracts of quality assessments / BBO -Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography / MEDCARIB - Caribbean Health Sciences Literature / Bandolier / Ibero-American Clinical Trials, Evidence. Updating in ambulatory, Reports / HIL- Internet Resources.